NonfictionWhile the team races to prepare the Money Pit for the deepest, and final dig of the season, in Malta, the fellowship uncovers a family bloodline that connects the Knights of Malta to Oak Island.
NonfictionAward-winning actress, producer, director, and activist, Eva Longoria, takes a gastronomic pilgrimage across the land of her ancestors as she indulges in the rich tapestry of Spanish cuisine.
NonfictionEva Longoria explores Barcelona and the Catalonia region, a Mediterranean hub of creativity and cuisine, where world-class chefs push the boundaries of Spanish food.
NonfictionWhen Boston police officer John O’Keefe turns up dead in the snow, authorities arrest his girlfriend Karen Read for murder. Then, a bombshell Google search and an anonymous tip point to an alleged conspiracy in Canton.
NonfictionZak and the crew find themselves in an eerie desert town to investigate a casino haunted by the spirit of a notorious bootlegger. The air is thick with tension as the team and comedian Matt Rife confront the dark energy that lurks around every corner.
NonfictionThe winning pairs from the preliminary battles fight it out in the finale to win $50,000! Tension is high as the teams race around in the appetizer round to make memorable lamb dishes. In the entrée round, the couples try to be as creative as possible.
NonfictionWhile the team races against the impending winter to get into the Solution Channel and finally retrieve the treasure on Oak Island, Rick and members of the fellowship make new connections 4,000 miles away in Malta.
NonfictionA major tech job leads newlyweds, and their dogs, to London. Having previously moved from Denver to Seattle for his spouse, one dreams of a place with traditional English charm, but his more practical husband prefers something that isn't old and creaky.
NonfictionAn avid antique collector is going tiny to live a simpler life near Asheville, NC. She wants a home with a view and plenty of space, but it may be difficult finding a tiny home without having to give away a prized possession.
NonfictionNew evidence suggests the infamous outlaw Billy the Kid may have lived to old age under an assumed name. Modern scholars explore the true identity of the Man in the Iron Mask. After their iconic UFO encounter, Betty and Barney Hill were forever changed.
NonfictionSir David Attenborough journeys into the hidden world of forests, where lives are entwined in the most unexpected of ways. From the temperate rainforests of Canada, where rarely seen ‘spirit bears’ fish for salmon, to the teak forests of India, where whistling wild dogs work together to bring down prey three times their size, the forests of planet Earth are full of unseen connections.
NonfictionIt's the ultimate test of man against machine - or should that be dog against machine - as the Top Gear team set out on one of their most ambitious and arduous challenges ever. Jeremy Clarkson, James May and Richard Hammond take part in an epic land race starting in the town of Resolute, Northern Canada, finishing 450 miles later at the Magnetic North Pole.
NonfictionThe legendary ancient ruler who amassed a fortune estimated to be worth 120 trillion in today's dollars--Genghis Khan--hid his riches so well that to this day no one has unearthed them. 800 years later the fate of his treasure remains a mystery. Where are Genghis Khan's buried riches?
NonfictionMatt LeBlanc looks back at more amazing races from the archive, including James May in a Mistubishi Evo rally car vs Richard Hammond in a bobsleigh, a steam train vs a classic Jaguar and a Vincent motorcycle, and James May races a pair of free-runners across a Liverpool in a car v parkour face-off.
NonfictionNewlyweds look to start their lives together in a Craftsman style home in Atlanta. When it comes to design, they're total opposites, but the greater task for Egypt and Mike is to create a designated space for storing and cooking his quality meats.
NonfictionProtecting the stadium are highly trained men and women from law enforcement, private security teams and medics. In this episode, the security team handles a range of incidents--from ejecting fans for vaping and breaking up a large scuffle in the stands, to investigating the concerning disappearance of a young man whose worried parents and girlfriend report him missing.
NonfictionIraq 2006: SEAL Team 3 and conventional U.S. Forces battle insurgents to take back the war-torn city of Ramadi, when a beloved teammate is struck and becomes the first Navy SEAL killed in Iraq. Faced with heartbreak, but still believing in the mission, the team rallies together to fight on.
NonfictionWith Ben and Giles of Sea Shepherd being held hostage aboard the Japanese whaling ship Yushin Maru #2, Captain Paul Watson is pleased at the international media storm he has created, and rejects an offer from whalers to release the hostages.
NonfictionChef and Restaurateur Erin French prepares to end a memorable season of The Lost Kitchen with a special menu featuring last-of-the-season ingredients. Erin connects with local farmers to build a menu her guests won't forget.
NonfictionFor the most violent, powerful, and infamous inmates, Pelican Bay State Prison is the last stop in prison purgatory. This is the prison where they lock up gang members too dangerous to keep anywhere else. For two decades it's been at the heart of California's war on one of the greatest scourges in America - prison gangs. Lockdown reveals the prison's innermost secrets and takes you to the frontline of California's new war.
NonfictionAfter a long and brutal war, Vietnamese revolutionaries led by Ho Chi Minh end nearly a century of French colonial occupation. With the Cold War intensifying, Vietnam is divided in two. Communists in the North aim to reunify the country, while America supports Ngo Dinh Diem’s untested regime in the South.
NonfictionTucci visits the Italian Riviera famous for the glamour of Portofino and stunning fishing villages of the Cinque Terre. He tries Genoese pesto and discovers how Ligurians have learned to adapt to life in the difficult landscape.
NonfictionMatt, Chris and Rory race across Kazakhstan in 3 high-mileage cars and Matt's review of the Aston Martin DB11 is thwarted by Chris and a very evil Mercedes.
NonfictionWhen Lisa meets Corey, he’s sweet and offers a sense of security. While she’s falling in love, he’s tightening his grip. Lisa barely survives when he brutally attacks her, but the next woman doesn’t. Now, Corey answers Lisa’s questions from inside prison.
NonfictionIn this year's Top Gear special, Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May set out to boost the British economy by embarking on a trade mission to India. Equipped with three old British cars and a range of uniquely British products, they set off on an epic road trip across one of the world’s most fascinating and challenging countries, devotedly promoting Britain with distinctly mixed results.
NonfictionIn the first of an all-new two-part special, Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May are on a mission to build a bridge over the River Kwai in Thailand. In order to do so, they must first drive across a country that has been largely closed to Westerners for over 40 years: Burma. The trio must make this trip in three trucks that have been bought for a limited budget. What follows is an epic journey of beautiful scenery, regular adversity, ongoing malfunction, and constant bickering between the three hosts.
NonfictionJeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May continue their journey in three ancient and barely functioning trucks, heading toward their final challenge - building a bridge over River Kwai in Thailand. Having climbed mountains and endured a Burmese trucker stop, they must now venture into the Shan state, an area rife with civil war and normally closed to Western TV crews.
NonfictionAfter years apart, Jamie-Lee Arrow reunites with her father, Isakin Drabbad – the 'Skara Cannibal' – to confront him over his girlfriend's infamous and brutal murder. Jaime-Lee also confronts him about the torment she once suffered at her father's hands.
NonfictionZak and the crew return to the Glen Tavern Inn in Santa Paula, CA, to help its staff find closure after the loss of a beloved local medium. Korn singer Jonathan Davis assists as the team digs deeper into the dark mysteries of the former gambling house.
NonfictionIn this episode, Stanley Tucci visits Puglia, a region famous for its fragrant olive oil, beautiful vegetables, cheeses, and durum wheat. Despite being such a fertile region, Puglia is also one of Italy's poorest and Tucci discovers how today’s spirit of innovation was forged out of hard times. From Bari’s raw seafood to Cisternino’s Fornelli and Foggia’s burnt grain to cheesemaker Vito’s Apulian blue cheeses, it is clear that by reclaiming their past, the Pugliese are taking ownership of their past and embracing the future on their own terms.
NonfictionSir David Attenborough explores the dangerous frontiers created by the world's coasts, where animals fight for survival amidst constant change.
NonfictionGunny explores the history of shotguns--from a 17th century Blunderbuss to the modern day, gas-assisted M4 Super 90. Along the way, he "rides shotgun" on a stage coach as he tests a Wells Fargo Coach Gun; fires the groundbreaking shotguns of legendary gun designer John Browning; tests his skeet shooting skills against Olympic Gold medalist markswoman Kim Rhode; and heads to Camp Pendleton to check out the Marines' state-of-the-art shotguns.
NonfictionAs allegations of sex trafficking and abuse begin hitting Sean Combs in late 2023, they seem at odds with the image Diddy has carefully curated for decades. However, reexamining his early rise to iconic music mogul reveals early signs of trouble.
NonfictionAbbi was always a helper. So when she sees her boyfriend’s darkness, she tries to help but cannot. She hopes being a father will change him. It doesn’t. When his cruelty becomes too much, she leaves and finds out her boyfriend was a monster all along.
NonfictionProtecting this stadium are highly trained men and women from law enforcement, private security teams and medics. In this episode, the security team breaks up several brawls over unruly behavior and seat disputes, leaps into action when a fan falls over a balcony, tries to deescalate the situation with an unruly fan who refuses to leave and ultimately becomes detained for disorderly conduct--all while over 67,000 fans are in attendance and millions around the world tune in for Tom Brady's announcing debut.
NonfictionVictoria Carter is one day away from becoming a member of one of the most prestigious sororities on campus. She believes that entry into this exclusive organization will guarantee her future success, but first she must survive their pledging process.
NonfictionThe jury hears shocking testimony about Karen's alleged affair, scandalous texts, mysterious butt dials and conflicting Google search timestamps. Some dub Karen "America's Happiest Murder Defendant," and the conflict in Canton grows.
NonfictionExamining the startling, never-before-seen video evidence of aquatic hominids that has come forward since the documentary MERMAIDS: THE BODY FOUND first aired in 2012, with the original whistleblower on the Mermaid Conspiracy, Dr. Paul Robertson.
NonfictionLaurel Canyon is a feature documentary in two parts concerning music and culture in the famed Hollywood Hills' Laurel Canyon area which includes archival materials content and music from Joni Mitchell Crosby Stills Nash & Young JD Souther Jackson Browne Linda Ronstadt Carole King Frank Zappa and other key figures in the vibrant music scene.
NonfictionAs the trial winds down, experts attempt to recreate John’s death, the defense brings in one final witness and closing arguments grip the nation. Karen, emotional after a long haul, anxiously awaits her fate. The jury returns with an unexpected note.
NonfictionImagine a world where you could be compelled to do anything, and everything, your government orders. That's not just a post-apocalyptic worst-case scenario, but at one in point in time, the reality of state-run programs designed to warp and control minds, both in the lab and on the battlefield. From the CIA's decades-long pursuit of the perfect truth serum to the U.S. Army's secret PsyOps in Vietnam, mind games have long been at play among countries, its enemies, and even its own citizens--every one a more alarming deception than the next.
NonfictionTy Pennington challenges the teams with their toughest obstacle yet: transform a bonus loft and staircase in only 48 hours. All work and no sleep pushes the teams' creativity, and, in a twist, the teams judge each other's spaces and pick a winner.
NonfictionThe three wise men of Top Gear embark on a seasonal road trip as they attempt to recreate a certain famous journey across the Middle East to Bethlehem. They do so in a trio of open top sports cars, each wholly unsuited to the conflict ridden mountains of Southern Turkey, the dangerous warzones of Iraq and the searing deserts of Syria. Along the way they test the limits of mechanical and physical endurance as well as asking the vital question, what exactly is myrrh and where do you buy it?
NonfictionA young couple leaves Phoenix to follow her dream of relocating to Lisbon, Portugal. They're looking for a place that can accommodate their dog, and she wants to be near the city center, but he prefers something farther out that's more quiet.
NonfictionGunny pulls the trigger on pistols--and takes aim at handgun history with vintage flintlock dueling pistols to modern day, rapid firing machine pistols. Amazing high-speed photography captures multiple ballistics tests designed to observe the course of a bullet's flight and its impact.
NonfictionVisiting London, post Brexit vote, Bourdain finds comfort in classic British cuisine including roast bone marrow at chef Fergus Henderson's famed restaurant St. John, and Scotch eggs at Princess Victoria Pub with Nigella Lawson, plus a meeting with revered artist Ralph Steadman at his studio.
NonfictionCalabria is a region of rugged landscapes, dramatic mountain ranges, and some 500 miles of incredible coastline. Connected to Basilicata in the north and separated from Sicily in the south by the narrow Strait of Messina, Calabria is also the homeland of the Tucci family’s ancestors. In this episode, Stanley Tucci travels through the region, discovering the history of this beautiful and troubled place, as well as the history of his own family. Joined by his parents and reunited with Italian relatives, he reflects on the inspiration people draw from Calabria, and why those who leave this region feel compelled to return.
NonfictionIt's history's most famous lost city: Atlantis, the island kingdom that's baffled explorers for centuries. Some say Atlantis is a myth, while others insist it was a very real place wiped out thousands of years ago. Finding Atlantis would not only be the archaeological coup of this century, but perhaps for all time. Is Atlantis a real place, and if so, where could it be?
NonfictionThe Top Gear boys are once again let loose in the USA, this time for an epic road trip up the east coast. Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May are comparing the Mercedes SLS, the Porsche 911 GT3 RS and the Ferrari 458 Italia. Along the way they undertake a series of challenges culminating in a fight to find the fastest way into New York, all in the name of crowning the world's greatest sports car. There's a round up of car-related Christmas tat and Oscar-winning film director Danny Boyle takes to the track as the star in a Reasonably Priced Car.
NonfictionLife on the Greek islands, home to a fiercely independent and proud population, is relatively secluded, steeped in tradition, and revolves around local food, wine, close friends and family. On theisland of Naxos, Bourdain heads offshore to dive to a sunken ship wreck,drink raki with the local residents, and sample cuisine fresh from the fishing boat, including octopus salad, salatouri (skate), and rofos (grouper) with olive oil and lemon. While exploring the island, he meets with politically outspoken musical group, The Stray Bitches, and travels to the mountainous village of Apeiranthos where he attends a traditional cele
NonfictionIn this program, we visit the Eiffel Tower, Trocadero Square, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Montmartre, Sacré Cœur church, the Latin Quarter, Place de la Concorde, Champs-Elysées, Orsay Museum, Carnavalet Museum, Catacombs of Paris, and the Jacquemart-André Museum.
NonfictionThe 77-day siege of Khe Sanh received unprecedented, agonized attention from the homefront as brave American soldiers fought fiercely against a numerically superior foe over a combat base with virtually no strategic value.
NonfictionChris and Sabine go head-to-head in a buggy race across the wild Californian desert. Matt and Chris attempt to speed up British roads... and farming.
NonfictionWhen a Playboy party hostess and model is found dead and dismembered in a dumpster, it ignites a tabloid media frenzy. As police investigate her romantic partners, her reality TV star husband heads for the Canadian border.
NonfictionThe Lunsford family's lives turn upside down when someone snatches nine-year-old Jessie from her bed in the middle of the night. Authorities scour the area looking for her when they discover a dark truth — she is closer than they ever realized.
NonfictionA couple's ready to take their relationship to the next level and buy their first place together in Washington. While they agree they need more outdoor space for their two emus, one wants high-end luxury, but the other's angling for something more rustic.
NonfictionDaphne and Ian aim to transform a 300-year-old outbuilding into a luxury home, and the kitchen needs a major overhaul. Daphne looks to create an open plan space, but when the kitchen cabinets are canceled, the project may be doomed before it even begins.
NonfictionBen and Erin take on a beloved Laurel home, bringing it back to the 1950s from its original '70s style. Blending iconic retro charm with modern updates, the Napiers look to create the perfect space for a well-known Laurel couple.
NonfictionA US couple seeks tranquility on the island of Koh Samui, Thailand. Most intriguing for them, Season 3 of their favorite show, the HBO Original Series “The White Lotus,” just shot there, and now, they're rushing to find paradise before the premiere.
NonfictionYears before they brokered one of the biggest deals in music history--the 2014 sale of Beats Electronics to Apple for $3 billion--Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine navigated very different environments towards destinies that would, ultimately and improbably, bring them together. Dre's story began in Compton, CA, where his fascination with dance music, DJ innovations and sound brought him into contact with Eazy-E, Ice Cube, DJ Yella and MC Ren. Together, they would become the core of the 1980s gangsta-rap supergroup N.W.A. A native of Red Hook, Brooklyn, Jimmy gravitated to music following an indifferent academic career, and with a
NonfictionIn rural Minnesota, a masked murderer bludgeons an entire family in their sleep. As small-town secrets unravel, Sheriff Mike Gormley uncovers a dangerous love triangle and a vengeful killer who is willing to risk his own blood for retribution.
NonfictionDaphne and Ian take on their first renovation in the castle as they plan to transform the bell tower into a luxury bedroom suite. The tower's in a ruined state and rotten roof beams and a windstorm could turn this project into a catastrophe.
NonfictionThe murder trial of Karen Read begins, and jurors hear testimony from witnesses at the scene where they found John O’Keefe’s body. Did Karen confess, “I hit him?” Outside the courthouse, Turtleboy advocates for Karen’s innocence.
NonfictionPresident Kennedy inspires idealistic young Americans to serve their country and wrestles with how deeply to get involved in South Vietnam. As the increasingly autocratic Diem regime faces a growing communist insurgency and widespread Buddhist protests, a grave political crisis unfolds.
NonfictionBeginning with an examination of slavery, this episode looks at the causes of the war and the burning questions of union and states' rights. Significant events include John Brown's rebellion at Harper's Ferry, the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, the firing on Fort Sumter and the jubilant rush to arms on both sides. Introducing the series' major figures -- Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant -- the episode concludes with the disastrous Union defeat at Manassas, where both sides realize it is to be a very long war.
NonfictionPresident Clinton's past statements come home to roost as Independent Counsel Ken Starr sends the Republican-led House his referral outlining the grounds for impeachment.
NonfictionBourdain takes a personal journey through this formerly bohemian New York City neighborhood, as he meets, shares meals and reflects with music, film and art trailblazers.
NonfictionIn this opening episode, we recount the life of Chinggis Khan, beginning with the dramatic struggles of his early years, including his family’s fall from power, his survival against rival tribes, and his first alliances as a young warrior determined to rescue his kidnapped wife, Borte.
NonfictionDr. Dre's formation of hip hop supergroup N.W.A. brings forth the seminal hip-hop record Straight Outta Compton. Though Dre's creative direction is integral to the group's success, his relationship with the original N.W.A. contributors, especially Eazy-E, deteriorated due to artistic and financial conflicts. Jimmy Iovine's work on highly successful albums from Tom Petty, U2 and Stevie Nicks reveals his knack for production and collaboration. But his massive workload and tumultuous personal life lead him to reevaluate his future in the music industry.
NonfictionA newly single woman moves out of the home she shared with her former fiance and looks for a new house in Naperville, Illinois. She's looking for a place for herself and her daughter, but her exacting tastes may get in the way of finding her dream home.
NonfictionTemujin enlists a childhood friend called Jamuqa. Their close friendship eventually turns into rivalry. Temujin is defeated and is forced to spend 10 years with the Jin Empire. When he returns, Temujin reasserts his position on the Mongolian plains and has subjugated all who oppose him, including his former allies. Temujin takes the title by which he will forever be known: Chinggis Khan.
NonfictionWhen Spanish Conquistadors obliterated the historical record of the Maya in the 16th century, did they wipe out evidence that ancient people traveled to the Americas from all over the world--and in flying craft provided by extraterrestrial visitors?
NonfictionA couple and their tween daughter hope to escape the Canadian cold for Pura Vida in Playas del Coco, Costa Rica. Their wish list is loaded with big spaces and awe inspiring views, but they may have to pivot thanks to the prodigious price of paradise.
NonfictionYou might never have thought about it, but every gun, rifle and pistol--no matter how well engineered, is useless without well-made, effective ammunition. Go on a journey through history with R. Lee Ermey to see the technology behind the very first round of ammunition. Then hit every important engineering development until Gunny fires the latest and greatest bullet ever designed--the high-explosive, armor piercing .50 calibre round. Just wait till you see this round blow up an entire fuel dump! Ultra-slow motion footage will let you see just how a round of ammunition travels through the air and why ammunition is so destruc
NonfictionMark, Bonnie, Sarah, and Nippy strategize with Catherine Oxenberg about how to get her daughter, India, out of DOS, even though she wants to stay. "Jane," a former member and India's close friend, describes the appeal of the organization--and why she left it all behind.
Nonfiction5/21/19 Academy award-winning actor, director and musician Billy Bob Thornton sits down with Dan Rather for an insightful conversation about movies, music and why he has moved from the silver screen to the small screen.
NonfictionCatherine believes her daughter is in danger and wants her to come home. But she and the former members are unable to get the attention of the authorities so they go to the New York Times. While weighing the pros and cons of going on record, Mark reflects on his time at NXIVM.
NonfictionViewers are invited on an adventure spanning billions of years into the evolution of life and consciousness. Visit a 100,000-year-old laboratory and examine the change in lifestyle that radically altered human existence and the life of the heretic who found God in the book of nature, which opened our way to the stars.
NonfictionNow that Jack's baby has been born, he's once again traveling with Ozzy and his sister, Kelly. They explore the state of New Mexico, sampling chili milkshakes, chainsaw sculpting and learning to make pistachios. Kelly hates dealing with all the guy humor that Ozzy and Jack deal out, but figures out a way to make a profit from it.
NonfictionAfter traveling the world together, a young Texan couple is ready to return where they first met in Spain. They're looking for an apartment in Valencia with lots of natural light, but their dream of Spanish living may not be as perfect as they imagined.
NonfictionJapan is a paradox. The low birthrate, the dedication, the conformity, and the life of a salary man are well known. There is also a competitive and rigid culture that gives way to some unique subcultures. Bourdain has traveled to Tokyo countless times, but on this trip he is in search of the city's dark, extreme, and bizarrely fetishistic underside.
NonfictionIn 1976 a packed coach crashed into the Amazon killing 39 people. By the time the bodies were pulled out by rescuers some had been so viciously mutilated by Piranhas they could only be identified by their clothes.
NonfictionAfter two months in the Gulf, one day starts to become indistinguishable from the next. The airwing still hasn't dropped a single bomb, which is frustrating for everyone on board. The only relief comes from a port call in Bahrain, where some sailors relax by the pool, while others visit a mosque and learn about Muslim culture. The Princeton, one of the escort ships in the Nimitz strike group, loses a man overboard; an intense search to find the lost sailor ensues. This program contains explicit language. Viewer discretion is advised.
NonfictionThe hosts head to Alaska and attempt to construct the perfect convertible for the toughest state in the Union. With the harshness of the climate meaning that fewer convertibles are sold in the 49th State than in any other, Adam, Rut and Tanner have their work cut out as they embark on a journey in their home made convertibles from Anchorage down the Kenai to Homer.
NonfictionBill Nye illustrates how various types of transportation utilize friction, from traction in trains and the "roll" of ball bearings in skateboards and automobiles, to the lack of friction in a hovercraft.
NonfictionInvestigators discover Heather Elvis's car at the Peachtree Boat Landing, prompting a search for her whereabouts. Their investigation leads them to a relationship she had with a married man.
NonfictionShattered by the Republican victory, Clinton begins to sideline his most trusted advisors in favor of an aggressive political consultant named Dick Morris who uses extensive polling to diagnose the administration’s weaknesses and develop strategies to correct them. The Republican “Contract with America” is riding high and by spring 1995, Gingrich and his allies select the ground on which to wage their war: a plan to eliminate the federal budget deficit by drastically cutting Medicare and Medicaid. The plan leads to a government shutdown and slowly the tide begins to turn toward the President, who reclaims the politic
NonfictionDid you know that nothing can move or stop itself? Everything needs a push or pull - a force - to make it move or stop. Sometimes an object might seem to be at rest, even when it is in motion. Confused? It's all relative. Relative motion, that is.
NonfictionAs new research identifies who may have been behind the Oak Island mystery, the Laginas and their team are stunned by what they find in the Money Pit area.
NonfictionA couple looks to leave Atlanta for a slower pace in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. They're looking for a place that's walkable and big enough for visiting family, but one wants traditional Mexican charm while the other prefers something modern and sleek.
NonfictionBourdain visits one of his favorite cities in Europe, Glasgow. He makes his first stop at the Old College Bar for a pint, learns knife defense techniques from instructor Mark Davies, and tests his physical endurance while stalking red stag with writer A.A. Gill in the Scottish Highlands. Along the way Bourdain indulges in some surprising Scottish fare including deep-fried haggis, roasted grouse with bread sauce, and fresh venison.
NonfictionTony gets to know a little bit about the lives of the city's working class. Explore the varied ethnic communities that contribute to the pulse of Paris.